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Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A/V - Audio/visual support such as television monitors, VCRs, or taped music.

A/V Contractor - A supplier of audio/visual equipment and services.

Advance Order - An order for services sent to the service contractor prior to the installation date. Compare with Floor Order.

Advance Rates - Fees associated with advance orders, which typically include discounts when paid in advance.

Advance Receiving - Location set by show management to receive freight before the start of show. Freight is stored at this location and then shipped to the show at the appropriate time.

Agent - A bona fide representative with proper credentials from the party represented.

Assembly - The process of erecting an exhibit from its components. Also called Installation, Set Up.

At-site - See On-site.

Backwall - The panels at the rear of an exhibit.

Backwall Exhibit - An exhibit that is back-to-back with another exhibit or against a building wall.

Baffle - A partition designed to control light, air, sound, or traffic flow.

Bill of Lading (B/L) - A document that establishes the terms between a shipper and a transportation company for the transport of goods between specified points for a specified charge. Also see Air Waybill, Inland Bill of Lading, Ocean Bill of Lading, Through Bill of Lading.

Blanket Wrap - Uncrated goods covered with blankets or other protective padding and shipped via van line. Also called Pad Wrap.

Boneyard - A storage area for empty crates and contractor materials.

Booth Area - The amount of floor space assigned to an exhibitor.

Breakpoint - The level at which a discount is given for a volume order.

C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance, Freight) - A pricing term indicating that these charges are included in the stated price.

C.T.S.M. - Certified Trade Show Marketer.

CAD/CAM - Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing.

Carrier - A transportation line moving freight. Usually a van line, common carrier, rail line, or air carrier. Also see Common Carrier.

Cartage - (1) The fee charged for transporting freight. (2) The moving of exhibit properties over a short distance.

Certificate of Inspection - A document certifying that merchandise was in good condition immediately prior to its shipment.

Cherry Picker - Equipment used to lift people to a given height.

Clean Bill of Lading - A carrier-issued receipt indicating that transported merchandise was received in apparent good condition. Compare with Foul Bill of Lading.

Collective Agreement - A contract between an employer and a union specifying the terms and conditions for employment, the status of the union, and the process for settling disputes during the contract period. Also known as Labor Agreement, Union Contract.

Common Carrier - A transportation company moving people or goods. For exhibit freight, the carrier usually accepts only crated materials and consolidates the properties of several customers into one shipment bound for the same destination.

Consignee - A person to whom goods are shipped.

Consignment - A delivery of merchandise from an exporter (the consignor) to an agent (the consignee) under the agreement that the agent will sell the merchandise, receive a commission, and remit the net proceeds to the exporter.

Consignor - A person who sends freight.

Consolidate - To ship freight to a central depot where several loads bound for the same destination are put together before being shipped to that destination.

Contractor - An individual or company that provides services or materials to a trade show and/or its exhibitors. Also see Official Contractor, Exhibitor Appointed Contractor.

Crating List - An itemized list of the contents of a crate.

Cross-aisle - An aisle at a right angle to a main aisle.

Cubic Content - Literally, length x width x height. With reference to booth space, the placement of exhibit properties at a height of 8 feet or more above the leased area. Also a measurement used in determining shipping costs for van lines.

Custom Exhibit - A display designed and built to meet the specific needs of an exhibitor.

Customhouse Broker - A person or company licensed to enter and clear goods through Customs.

CWT - Hundred weight. A measurement used for shipping exhibit properties. Usually 100 pounds.

D.O.T. - Department of Transportation.

D.T. Labor - Double Time Labor. Work performed on overtime and charged at twice the published rate.

D/B/A - Doing Business As.

Damage Report - A report submitted by an exhibitor to a freight company or drayage contractor itemizing damage to shipped goods.

Dead Man - Temporary post used during installation to help support the weight of an overhead structure.

Dead Time - Time when a worker is unable to perform duties due to factors beyond his or her control.

Declared Value - A shipper's stated dollar value for the contents of a shipment.

Decorator - An individual (skilled craftsperson) or company (a contractor) providing services for a trade show and/or its exhibitors.

DIM Weight - Length x width x height divided by 194 for domestic shipments, or divided by 166 for international shipments.

Dismantle - To take apart an exhibit. Also known as Take-down, Teardown.

Draper - A craftsperson who installs drapes, fabric, and special decor.

Drayage - The movement of show materials from shipping dock to booth for show set up and back to dock for return shipment at end of show.

Drayage Contractor - A company responsible for handling exhibit materials at a trade show.

Drayage Form - A form completed by an exhibitor requesting handling of materials.

Duplex Outlet - A double electrical outlet.

DW - Deadweight (tons of 2240 lbs.)

Electrical Contractor - A company hired by show management to provide electrical services to exhibitors.

Elevations - Scaled drawings depicting front and side views of an exhibit.

End Cap - An exhibit space with aisles on three sides.

Est. Wt. - Estimated Weight.

Exclusive Contractor - A contractor appointed by show management as the sole provider of specified services.

Exclusive Use - The rental of a carrier's entire cargo space by one shipper.

Exhibit Designer/Producer - Company responsible for designing and constructing exhibit booths.

Exhibitor Appointed Contractor - A contractor hired by an exhibitor to perform trade show services independently of show management appointed contractors. Also called Independent Contractor, EAC.

Exhibitor Kit - A package of information which contains all rules, regulations, and forms relating to an exhibition, provided to exhibitors by show management. Also called Service Kit.

Export Broker - An individual or company that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee.

Export Management Company - A company that transacts manufacturers' export business for a fee.

Export Merchant - A company that buys products directly from manufacturers, then packages the merchandise for resale under its own name.

Export Trading Company - A company that buys foreign merchandise for resale in its own local market.

Exposition Rules - The set of regulations which govern a given trade show.

Fabrication - The construction of an exhibit.

FHC - A notation on floor plans indicating the locations of fire hose cabinets.

Fiber Optics - The use of cut glass fibers to display colored light.

Floor Manager - An individual representing show management who is responsible for the exhibition area.

Floor Marking - Method used to mark booth spaces.

Floor Order - Order for services placed after exhibit installation has begun. Compare with Advance Order.

Floor Plan - A map showing the size and locations of exhibit spaces.

Floor Port - A utility box recessed in the floor containing electrical, telephone, or plumbing connections.

Foam Core - Rigid foam covered with heavy paper stock used for mounting signs, art, etc.

Forklift, Forktruck - Motorized vehicle used to load, unload, and transport heavy items.

Foul Bill of Lading - A carrier-issued receipt indicating that transported merchandise was damaged when received. Compare with Clean Bill of Lading.

Four Hour Call - Minimum work period for which union labor must be paid.

Free Trade Zone - A port designated by the government of a country for duty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods.

Freight - Exhibit properties and other materials shipped for an exhibit.

Freight Desk - The area where inbound and outbound exhibit materials are handled at a trade show.

Freight Forwarder - A shipping company which handles export shipments for a fee.

Gangway - International term referring to the "aisle".

GATT - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. A multilateral treaty intended to reduce trade barriers between the signatory countries and to promote trade through tariff concessions.

General Contractor - Show management appointed company providing services to a trade show and/or its exhibitors. Also called Official Contractor. Compare with Exhibitor Appointed Contractor.

Grid System - A network of structural members, electrical conduits, and other support systems on a pattern of centers.

Hall - General term used for an exposition facility or the exhibit area within a facility.

Hand Truck - Small hand-propelled vehicle used for transporting small loads.

Hard Card - (1) Work order for labor or services. (2) Drayage contractor's record of materials received or shipped.

Hard Wire - Any electrical connection other than receptacle to receptacle.

Hardwall - A type of exhibit construction in which walls are made of a solid material, rather than fabric.

Header - A sign or other structure across the top of an exhibit.

High Jacker - Equipment used to lift people to a given height.

Hire - International term referring to "rent" a service or product.

Hold Harmless Clause - A contract clause that relieves one party of responsibility in the event of a legal claim.

I&D - Installation & Dismantle (of an exhibit). Also known as Set Up and Take-down.

ICC - Interstate Commerce Commission.

Independent Contractor - A contractor hired by an exhibitor to perform trade show services independently of show management appointed contractors. Also called Exhibitor Appointed Contractor, EAC.

Infringement - An exhibitor's unauthorized use of floor space outside the leased booth area.

Inland Bill of Lading - A contract between a shipper and transportation company used when transporting goods overland to an exporter's international carrier. Compare Ocean Bill of Lading, Through Bill of Lading.

In-line - An exhibit that is constructed in a continuous line along an aisle. Also called Linear Display.

Installation - The process of setting up exhibit properties according to specifications. Also called Assembly, Set Up.

Installation & Dismantle - The set up and take-down of exhibits. Also called I & D.

Installation Contractor - A company responsible for supervising and coordinating workers who install and dismantle exhibits.

Inventory - Total amount of equipment available for a show.

Island Exhibit - A display with aisles on four sides.

Jigged Crate - A special-purpose crate with hardware to secure exhibit properties in place to prevent shifting during shipment.

Job Foreman - A person in charge of supervising and coordinating workers.

Junction Box - A distribution point for electrical power.

K.D. (Knockdown) - An exhibit with separate components that must be assembled on-site.

Kit - See Service Kit.

Labor Call - (1) Method of securing union employees. (2) Time specified for labor to report (as in a 7 A.M. call). (3) Minimum amount for which labor must be paid.

Labor Desk - Exhibit hall location where exhibitors may place orders for labor.

Labor Form - The form used by exhibitors to order labor.

Lamination - The process of bonding two or more substances together.

Lead Tracking - A manual or automated system used to conduct follow-up activities for sales prospects resulting from a trade show.

Less Than Truckload (LTL) - The rate charged for freight weighing less than the minimum weight for a truckload.

Letter of Credit (L/C) - A document issued by a bank at the request of a buyer of goods which authorizes the payment of a specified amount of money to the seller when certain terms are met.

Liability- A legal term referring to responsibility for damages or injuries.

Light Box - An enclosure which contains lighting underneath a translucent facing material. Used to back-light signs or graphics applied to the face.

Linear Display - An exhibit that is constructed in a continuous line along an aisle. Also called In-line.

Lock-Up - A secure storage area within an exposition facility.

Low Voltage - A term applied to electrical currents of 24 volts or less. Usually used in animation and specialty lighting.

Marshaling Yard - A lot where trucks gather for orderly dispatch to show site.

Mask - To cover for painting or protection.

Masking Drape - A cloth used to cover storage or other unsightly areas.

Meter - The most common width for a backwall panel. (1 Meter = 39.37 inches)

Modular Exhibit - An exhibit constructed with interchangeable components designed to be set up in various arrangements and sizes. - The rate charged for freight weighing less than the minimum weight for a truckload.

Move-in - The date specified by show management for beginning exhibit installation.

Move-out - The date specified by show management for dismantling exhibits.

Multimedia - Combining two or more types of audio/visual support in a presentation.

N.O.H.M. - Not Otherwise Herein Provided.

Net Square Footage - The total amount of leased booth space in an exposition facility.

O.R. - Owner's Risk.

O.T. Labor - Work performed on overtime.

Ocean Bill of Lading - A contract between a exporter and an international carrier for transport of merchandise to a specified foreign market. Compare Inland Bill of Lading, Through Bill of Lading.

Official Contractor - Show management appointed company providing services to a trade show and/or its exhibitors. Also called General Contractor. Compare with Exhibitor Appointed Contractor.

On-site - A reference to the exhibit location. Also called At-site.

On-site Order - Floor order placed at a show site.

Overtime - A designation for work performed outside the hours specified as normal working hours. Usually work performed on overtime is charged at a substantially higher rate.

P.D. - Per Diem.

P.W. - Packed Weight.

Packing Case - See Shipping Case.

Packing List - A document prepared by a shipper itemizing contents of shipment and including other information needed by the carrier.

Pad Wrap - See Blanket Wrap.

Padded Van Shipment - Uncrated goods covered with blankets or other protective padding and shipped via van line.

Pallet - See Skid.

Panel System - A prefabricated exhibit composed of connected rectangular panels of various sizes.

Particle Board - A panel made of compressed, glued wood chips.

Peg Board - The trade name for a type of hardboard with perforations at regular intervals. Usually used for hanging items.

Peninsula Display - An exhibit with aisles on three sides.

Perimeter Booth - A booth space on a outside wall.

Pipe & Drape - Tubing covered with draped fabric to make up the rails and backwall of a trade show.

Podium - A demonstration area, usually higher than the surrounding floor.

Portable Exhibit - A lightweight display unit that can be moved without a forklift.

Power Strip - A movable unit having multiple electrical outlets.

Prefab - A pre-built exhibit ready for installation.

Press Kit - A package of materials put together for the media. Usually a folder containing press releases, product announcements, and other materials.

Press Release - An article submitted to the media for publication. Usually announcing news about a product, company, or individual.

Pro Forma Invoice - An invoice sent to a buyer prior to the shipment of merchandise which provides detailed information about the kinds and quantities of goods to be shipped.

Producer - (1) Exhibit Producer: An individual or company which designs and/or builds exhibits. (2) Show Producer: An individual or company which manages trade shows.

Pro-number - A carrier-assigned number used to designate a specific shipment.

Quad Box - Four electrical outlets in one box.

Raceway - Metal or insulated rubber tubing used to channel electrical wires.

Rail - A low wall used to divide exhibits.

Rear Illumination - A technique of using a light source to illuminate a translucent image from behind. Also called Back-lighting.

Rear Projection - A video technique in which images are projected on a screen positioned between the projector and the audience.

Refurbish - The process of repairing or reconditioning an exhibit to extend its life span.

Relay - An electrical device used to produce programmed effects by interrupting the flow of current.

Release Forms - Forms provided by show management to permit the removal of materials from an exhibition.

Return Panels - Side panels joined perpendicular to the backwall.

Rheostat - A device used to regulate lighting intensity. Also known as Dimmer Switch.

Rigger - A skilled worker responsible for handling and assembly of machinery.

Right To Work State - A state where no person can be denied the right to work because of membership or non-membership in a labor union.

Riser - A platform for people or materials.

ROO (Return On Objective) - A term used for measuring the amount of return exhibitors gain based on their stated objectives.

S.T. Labor - Straight Time Labor. Work performed during normal work hours at the standard rate. Compare with D.T. Labor, Overtime.

Schematic Model - A diagram in model form.

Scissors Lift - A motorized platform used to lift people to a given height.

Scooter - An electric or gas cart used to transport people and materials.

Scrim - Fabric which is opaque when lighted from the front and transparent when lighted from the rear.

Security Cages - Cages provided to exhibitors for locking up materials.

Self-contained Exhibit - A display which uses the shipping case as an integral part of the exhibit.

Service Desk - The location at which exhibitors order services from show management.

Service Kit - A packet of show-related information and order forms provided to exhibitors by show management. Also called Exhibitor Kit.

Set Up - The process of erecting an exhibit from its components. Also called Assembly, Installation.

Set-up Drawing - Drawings which give detailed instructions for the installation of an exhibit.

Shipping Case - A reusable container for transporting exhibit materials.

Shipping Crate - A wooden container for transporting exhibit materials, which may be designed for a single use or custom built for extended reuse.

Show Break - Time specified for the closing of an exhibition and beginning of dismantling.

Show Decorator - A company or individual responsible for providing draping, carpeting, and signage services for the trade show and its exhibitors.

Show Manager - The organizer and operator of an exposition.

Show Office - The show management office at an exposition.

Show Photographer - The show management appointed photographer for an exhibition.

Show Producer - An individual or company which manages trade shows, including leasing the exposition facility, hiring official contractors, and promoting the show.

Show Rules - The general rules and regulations governing a specific trade show.

Shrink Wrap - A process used to seal materials in transparent plastic.

Side Rail - A low divider wall, usually pipe and drape, used to divide one exhibit space from another.

Sign Standard - A frame on a stand into which a sign can be inserted for display.

Silk Screen - A method of creating graphics with a reusable stencil.

Skid - A low wooden frame used to support heavy objects or groups of materials for easier handling. Usually used as a platform for objects moved by forklift. Also called Pallet.

Skirting - Decorative covering around tables and risers.

Smoker - Ashtray stand.

Soffit - A lowered portion of a ceiling.

Space Rate - The cost per square foot of exhibit area.

Special Handling - Applies to exhibit shipments requiring extra labor, equipment, or time for delivery to exhibit space.

Spotlight - A lamp that provides a defined circle of light.

Staging Area - A location used for demonstrations.

Stanchions - Posts used to support signage or other elevated objects.

Stand - European term for booth.

Stock Exhibits - A predesigned display modified for a particular use by the exhibitor.

Subcontractor - An individual or company retained by a general contractor to provide services.

T & M - See Time & Materials.

T.L. - Truckload.

Table Top Display - An exhibit designed for use on the top of a table or similar surface.

Target Date - A date set by show management for the arrival of freight at a trade show. Usually shipments received before or after this date are assessed a penalty charge.

Tariff Rates - Shipping charges for various types of cargo.

Teardown - The dismantling of an exhibit. Also known as Take-down.

Telescopic Pipe - Tubing in which one section slides inside another. Used to support drapes.

Terminal - Freight handling or dock area.

Three Wire - Electrical cable with a continuous ground wire in addition to a positive and a negative wire.

Time & Materials - A form of billing in which a consumer is charged for labor costs (time) and materials.

Tow Motor - See Forklift.

Trade Fair - Broadly used as the international term for an exposition.

Trade Show - An exposition related to a particular industry or group, and open only to the members of that group.

Traffic Flow - The movement of visitors through an exposition or exhibit.

Transient Space - Short-term rental space.

Twist Lock - A type of electrical plug that connects by twisting together.

U.L. - Underwriters Laboratory. An organization which grants electrical ratings.

U.S.S.G. - U.S. Standard Gauge.

U/W - Underwriter.

Union - An organization of workers formed with the purpose of protecting workers' rights and increasing bargaining power with an employer on such issues as wages, hours, and benefits.

Union Steward - An on-site union official elected by coworkers to oversee a particular union's work in a facility and resolve any disputes over union jurisdiction. Also known as Shop Steward.

V.A.T. - Value Added Tax. A tax that has been added to the overall price of a product reflecting the value added to the product by processing.

Valance - An overhead banner typically used as a light baffle.

Velcro - The trade name for a fabric closure with two components: hooks and loops. The two components adhere when pressed together and separate when pulled apart, allowing repeated use.

W/B - Waybill.

Wallboard - A construction product used for panels which are temporary.

Warehouse Receipt - A receipt issued by a warehouse for goods received for storage.

Waste Removal - The removal of trash from an area or building.

Wharfage - A charge assessed for handling cargo at a pier.

Work Rules - Regulations that specify the conditions of a craftsperson's labor, including work hours and pay structure.

Work Time - The period of paid time which begins when craftspersons are turned over to an exhibitor and ends when they are released by the exhibitor.

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